Ashok Leyland shareholders and shareholding pattern
NSE: ASHOKLEYBSE: 500477Agricultural, Commercial & Construction VehiclesMid Cap
Last close ₹144.95down ₹1.08 (0.74%)BSE ₹145.95
Share price at the NSE close on 23 Oct 2026. Previous close ₹146.03.
52-week range of traded prices to 23 Oct 2026
₹135.82Low, 24 Oct 2025₹215.42High, 11 Feb 2026
- Market capMarket capitalisation. Share price times the number of shares: what the whole company is worth at the day's price. The rank is by average market value over the six months to Jun 2026, among listed companies.
- ₹85,142 Cr107th largest listed
- P/EPrice to earnings, trailing. Market cap divided by the profit of the last twelve months (the latest four quarters, or two half years for a company that reports half-yearly) that belongs to the company's own shareholders, after the share of the other owners of its subsidiaries: what investors pay for each rupee of a year's profit. The filing of 14 Aug 2026
- 24.5
- P/E without one-offsPrice to earnings without one-off items. Market cap divided by core profit: the profit of the last twelve months (the latest four quarters, or two half years for a company that reports half-yearly) that belongs to the company's own shareholders, less one-off items (exceptional items and the result of businesses sold or closed). Shown where the one-off items move that profit by more than a tenth. The last twelve months' profit includes −₹384 crore of one-off items, the largest of them in the quarter to Dec 2025.
- 22.1
- P/BPrice to book. Market cap divided by the net worth that belongs to the company's own shareholders, its assets less everything it owes and less the other owners' share of its subsidiaries, on its latest balance sheet. The filing of 29 May 2026
- 6.0
- Dividend yieldDividend yield. Dividends paid per share in the twelve months to the day, as a percentage of the day's share price.
- 2.41%
- ROEReturn on equity. Profit over the last twelve months (the latest four quarters, or two half years for a company that reports half-yearly) that belongs to the company's own shareholders, as a percentage of their net worth, the money they have in the business. Net worth is the average of the latest balance sheet and the one a year before it. The filing of 14 Aug 2026
- 26.3%
- ROE without one-offsReturn on equity without one-off items. Core profit, the profit of the last twelve months (the latest four quarters, or two half years for a company that reports half-yearly) that belongs to the company's own shareholders less one-off items (exceptional items and the result of businesses sold or closed), as a percentage of the same net worth as the return on equity. Shown where the one-off items move that profit by more than a tenth. The last twelve months' profit includes −₹384 crore of one-off items, the largest of them in the quarter to Dec 2025.
- 29.2%
- ROCEReturn on capital employed. Operating profit after depreciation (revenue less operating expenses and depreciation, without other income and one-off items) as a percentage of all the money the business runs on: the whole group's net worth, the other owners of its subsidiaries included, plus borrowings. Lease liabilities are not counted: the results filings do not state them. The profit is over the last twelve months (the latest four quarters, or two half years for a company that reports half-yearly); net worth and borrowings are on the latest balance sheet. The filing of 14 Aug 2026
- 11.9%
- Debt to equityDebt to equity. Borrowings divided by the whole group's net worth, the other owners of its subsidiaries included: rupees borrowed for each rupee of equity in the business. Lease liabilities are not counted: the results filings do not state them. From the balance sheet at the end of Mar 2026. The filing of 29 May 2026
- 3.45
- Volume, NSEVolume. Shares traded on the last trading day; delivery is the part buyers kept rather than sold again the same day.
- 1,72,34,07450.8% delivered
Who owns Ashok Leyland, filing by filing
Per cent of all the company's shares, counting those held against depositary receipts traded abroad where a filing has them. The last ten years of filings, from Dec 2016; the latest is the filing for Sep 2026.
Sep 2026 filing
- Promoters51.10%
- Foreign institutions19.73%
- Indian institutions16.50%
- Governments0.07%
- Individuals and others11.79%
- Depositary receipts0.81%
Shareholding pattern, per cent, from Sep 2022
- Promoters
- Foreign institutions
- Indian institutions
- Governments
- Individuals and others
- Depositary receipts
| Per cent | Dec 2016Filed 19 Jan | Mar 2017Filed 14 Apr | Jun 2017Filed 17 Jul | Sep 2017Filed 14 Oct | Dec 2017Filed 18 Jan | Mar 2018Filed 18 Apr | Jun 2018Filed 20 Jul | Sep 2018Filed 16 Oct | Dec 2018Filed 25 Jan | Mar 2019Filed 17 Apr | Jun 2019Filed 20 Jul | Sep 2019Filed 30 Oct | Dec 2019Filed 17 Jan | Mar 2020Filed 22 Apr | Jun 2020Filed 17 Jul | Sep 2020Filed 16 Oct | Dec 2020Filed 18 Jan | Mar 2021Filed 30 Apr | Jun 2021Filed 19 Jul | Sep 2021Filed 20 Oct | Dec 2021Filed 17 Jan | Mar 2022Filed 14 Apr | Jun 2022Filed 19 Jul | Sep 2022Filed 19 Oct | Dec 2022Filed 17 Jan | Mar 2023Filed 18 Apr | Jun 2023Filed 17 Jul | Sep 2023Filed 17 Oct | Dec 2023Filed 17 Jan | Mar 2024Filed 17 Apr | Jun 2024Filed 17 Jul | Sep 2024Filed 16 Oct | Dec 2024Filed 17 Jan | Mar 2025Filed 16 Apr | Jun 2025Filed 20 Jul | Sep 2025Filed 17 Oct | Dec 2025Filed 18 Jan | Mar 2026Filed 21 Apr | Jun 2026Filed 20 Jul | Sep 2026Filed 20 Oct |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50.38% | 50.38% | 51.29% | 51.29% | 51.27% | 51.27% | 51.13% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.11% | 51.11% | 51.11% | 51.11% | 51.11% | 51.11% | 51.10% | 51.10% | 51.10% | 51.10% | 51.10% | 51.10% | 51.10% | 51.10% | 51.10% | 51.10% | |
| Foreign promoters | 50.38% | 50.38% | 51.29% | 51.29% | 51.27% | 51.27% | 51.13% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.12% | 51.11% | 51.11% | 51.11% | 51.11% | 51.11% | 51.11% | 51.10% | 51.10% | 51.10% | 51.10% | 51.10% | 51.10% | 51.10% | 51.10% | 51.10% | 51.10% |
| Public. Every shareholder outside the promoter group, the employee trusts and the shares held against depositary receipts, as the filing totals them. | 49.62% | 49.62% | 48.71% | 48.71% | 48.73% | 48.73% | 48.87% | 48.88% | 48.88% | 48.88% | 48.88% | 48.88% | 48.88% | 48.06% | 48.06% | 48.06% | 48.06% | 48.06% | 48.06% | 48.06% | 48.06% | 48.06% | 48.07% | 48.07% | 48.08% | 48.08% | 48.08% | 48.08% | 48.08% | 48.09% | 48.09% | 48.09% | 48.09% | 48.09% | 48.09% | 48.09% | 48.10% | 48.10% | 48.10% | 48.10% |
| Depositary receipts | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.82% | 0.82% | 0.82% | 0.82% | 0.82% | 0.82% | 0.82% | 0.82% | 0.82% | 0.81% | 0.81% | 0.81% | 0.81% | 0.81% | 0.81% | 0.81% | 0.81% | 0.81% | 0.81% | 0.81% | 0.81% | 0.81% | 0.81% | 0.81% | 0.81% | 0.81% | 0.81% |
| Promoter shares pledgedShare of the promoters' own shares | 9.07% | 3.84% | 3.66% | 3.66% | 3.67% | 3.67% | 3.67% | 3.67% | 4.33% | 6.66% | 9.26% | 9.26% | 9.26% | 9.26% | 10.88% | 10.88% | 10.88% | 17.62% | 14.44% | 18.44% | 17.40% | 17.84% | 19.04% | 19.04% | 19.04% | 19.04% | 19.04% | 15.04% | 15.04% | 22.10% | 22.10% | 27.23% | 30.10% | 41.15% | 41.15% | 41.15% | 40.93% | 40.10% | 40.10% | 40.10% |
| Shares in issue | 2,84,58,76,634 | 2,84,58,76,634 | 2,92,65,34,926 | 2,92,65,34,926 | 2,92,71,04,101 | 2,92,71,04,101 | 2,93,51,27,276 | 2,93,55,27,276 | 2,93,55,27,276 | 2,93,55,27,276 | 2,93,55,27,276 | 2,93,55,27,276 | 2,93,55,27,276 | 2,93,55,27,276 | 2,93,55,27,276 | 2,93,55,27,276 | 2,93,55,27,276 | 2,93,55,27,276 | 2,93,55,27,276 | 2,93,55,27,276 | 2,93,55,27,276 | 2,93,55,27,276 | 2,93,55,27,276 | 2,93,55,27,276 | 2,93,61,27,276 | 2,93,61,27,276 | 2,93,61,27,276 | 2,93,61,27,276 | 2,93,61,27,276 | 2,93,63,27,276 | 2,93,64,27,276 | 2,93,64,27,276 | 2,93,65,27,276 | 2,93,65,27,276 | 2,93,65,27,276 | 5,87,34,54,552what Shares in issue, Sep 2025, includes. Bonus issue on 16 Jul 2025: 1 new share for every 1 held. Earlier filings count the shares before it. | 5,87,38,54,552 | 5,87,38,54,552 | 5,87,38,54,552 | 5,87,38,54,552 |
| Shares locked inShares locked in. Shares the filing reports as barred from sale until a set day, such as promoters' shares after a public issue or shares allotted to an investor directly. | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 1,000 | 1,000 |
| Shares underlying depositary receipts | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2,39,58,000 | 2,39,58,000 | 2,39,58,000 | 2,39,58,000 | 2,39,58,000 | 2,39,58,000 | 2,39,58,000 | 2,39,58,000 | 2,39,58,000 | 2,37,18,000 | 2,37,18,000 | 2,37,18,000 | 2,37,18,000 | 2,37,18,000 | 2,36,70,000 | 2,36,70,000 | 2,36,70,000 | 2,36,70,000 | 2,36,70,000 | 2,36,70,000 | 2,36,70,000 | 2,36,70,000 | 4,73,40,000 | 4,73,40,000 | 4,73,40,000 | 4,73,40,000 | 4,73,40,000 |
Filings before Sep 2022 are on an older form, which did not split institutions into foreign and Indian and grouped some holders differently, so those columns show only the lines both forms state alike. Pledged is the share of the promoters' own shares given to lenders as security. A dash is a line the filing did not state. “Under 0.01%” is a holding of shares too small to show at two decimals.
Ashok Leyland promoters
Promoters are the founders, families and companies that control the company, as its filings name them. Every member of the promoter group holding shares in the filing for Sep 2026; the largest is HINDUJA AUTOMOTIVE LIMITED, 34.71%.Promoter buying and selling
| Holder | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| HINDUJA AUTOMOTIVE LIMITEDForeign companies and others | 34.71% | 2,03,88,57,356 | 59.03% |
| JP MORGAN CHASE BANK, NAForeign companies and others | 11.21% | 65,84,00,280 | 0.00% |
| HINDUJA BANK (SWITZERLAND) LTDForeign companies and others | 4.93% | 28,98,08,128 | 0.00% |
| HINDUJA FOUNDRIES HOLDING LIMITEDForeign companies and others | 0.24% | 1,42,54,758 | 0.00% |
Pledged is the share of the holder's own shares pledged to a lender.
Largest public holders of Ashok Leyland, filing by filing
Per cent, on the same shares as the split above.Mutual funds holding Ashok Leyland
| Holder | Dec 2016Filed 19 Jan | Mar 2017Filed 14 Apr | Jun 2017Filed 17 Jul | Sep 2017Filed 14 Oct | Dec 2017Filed 18 Jan | Mar 2018Filed 18 Apr | Jun 2018Filed 20 Jul | Sep 2018Filed 16 Oct | Dec 2018Filed 25 Jan | Mar 2019Filed 17 Apr | Jun 2019Filed 20 Jul | Sep 2019Filed 30 Oct | Dec 2019Filed 17 Jan | Mar 2020Filed 22 Apr | Jun 2020Filed 17 Jul | Sep 2020Filed 16 Oct | Dec 2020Filed 18 Jan | Mar 2021Filed 30 Apr | Jun 2021Filed 19 Jul | Sep 2021Filed 20 Oct | Dec 2021Filed 17 Jan | Mar 2022Filed 14 Apr | Jun 2022Filed 19 Jul | Sep 2022Filed 19 Oct | Dec 2022Filed 17 Jan | Mar 2023Filed 18 Apr | Jun 2023Filed 17 Jul | Sep 2023Filed 17 Oct | Dec 2023Filed 17 Jan | Mar 2024Filed 17 Apr | Jun 2024Filed 17 Jul | Sep 2024Filed 16 Oct | Dec 2024Filed 17 Jan | Mar 2025Filed 16 Apr | Jun 2025Filed 20 Jul | Sep 2025Filed 17 Oct | Dec 2025Filed 18 Jan | Mar 2026Filed 21 Apr | Jun 2026Filed 20 Jul | Sep 2026Filed 20 Oct |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NPS TRUST (Under different sub accounts)Provident and pension funds | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.26% | 1.51% | 1.64% | 1.33% | 1.53% | 1.40% | 1.06% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.43% |
| GOVERNMENT PENSION FUND GLOBALForeign portfolio investors, category I | 2.10% | 1.88% | 1.83% | 2.33% | 2.40% | 2.40% | 2.02% | 1.88% | 1.63% | 1.63% | 1.47% | 1.92% | 2.05% | 2.01% | 1.27% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.02% | 1.29% | 1.18% | 2.26% | 2.28% | 1.99% | 1.95% | 1.92% | 1.91% | 1.74% | 1.72% | 1.75% | 1.73% | 1.38% | 1.56% | 1.30% | 1.31% |
| SBI LIFE INSURANCE CO. LTDInsurance companies | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.22% | 1.13% | – | 1.41% | 1.44% | 1.62% | 1.78% | 1.26% | 1.14% | 1.30% |
| T. ROWE PRICE EMERGING MARKETS DISCOVERY STOCK TRUSTForeign portfolio investors, category I | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.08% | 1.21% | 1.28% | 1.28% | 1.31% | 1.23% | 1.27% | 1.28% | 1.29% |
| NPS TRUST (Under Various sub accounts)Provident and pension funds | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.17% | – |
| GOVERNMENT OF SINGAPOREForeign portfolio investors, category I | – | – | – | – | 1.38% | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.08% | 1.14% | 1.11% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.86% | 2.83% | 3.09% | 2.56% | 2.28% | 2.18% | 1.56% | – | – |
| LIFE INSURANCE CORPORATION OF INDIA (Under different sub accounts)Insurance companies | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.40% | 2.01% | 2.67% | 2.67% | 2.67% | 2.25% | 1.50% | 1.07% | 1.02% | – | – |
| HDFC LIFE INSURANCE COMPANYLIMITED (Under Different sub accounts)Insurance companies | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.56% | 1.52% | 1.54% | 1.57% | 1.51% | 1.35% | 1.31% | 1.20% | 1.08% | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITEDInsurance companies | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.50% | 1.72% | 1.72% | 1.35% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.13% | 1.33% | 1.81% | 1.82% | 1.87% | 1.41% | 1.13% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Schroder International Selection Fund Emerging AsiaForeign portfolio investors, category I | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.24% | 1.24% | 1.24% | 1.24% | 1.24% | 1.81% | 1.83% | 1.59% | 1.73% | 1.73% | 1.46% | 1.46% | 1.46% | 1.46% | 1.46% | 1.46% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| MATTHEWS PACIFIC TIGER FUNDForeign portfolio investors, category I | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.50% | 2.34% | 2.34% | 2.34% | 2.34% | 2.34% | 2.16% | 1.18% | 1.07% | 1.07% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| HDFC LIFE INSURANCE COMPANYLIMITED /SHAREHOLDERS SOLVENCY MARGIN ACCOUNTInsurance companies | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.34% | – | – | 1.41% | 1.51% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| HDFC LIFE INSURANCE COMPANYLIMITED and HDFC LIFE INSURANCE COMPANYLIMITED …Insurance companies | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.44% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| HDFC LIFE INSURANCE COMPANYLIMITED and HDFC LIFE INSURANCE COMPANYLIMITED -SHAREHOLDERS…Insurance companies | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.37% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| HDFC LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITEDInsurance companies | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.04% | 1.11% | 1.29% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| LIFE INSURANCE CORPORATION OF INDIA / LIFE INSURANCE CORPORATION OF INDIA P & GS FUNDFinancial Institution Or Banks | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.19% | 1.44% | 1.35% | 1.35% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| PLATINUM INTERNATIONAL FUNDInstitutions Foreign Portfolio Investor | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.32% | 1.73% | 1.73% | 1.61% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| LIFE INSURANCE CORPORATION OF INDIA AND LIFE INSURANCE CORPORATION OF INDIA P & GS FUNDFinancial Institution Or Banks | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.95% | 2.05% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| LIFE INSURANCE CORPORATION OF INDIAFinancial Institution Or Banks | 3.70% | 3.70% | 3.60% | 3.60% | 3.60% | 2.44% | 1.36% | 1.36% | 1.36% | 1.36% | 1.36% | 1.36% | 1.36% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| PLATINUM ASIA FUNDInstitutions Foreign Portfolio Investor | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.10% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| KUWAIT INVESTMENT AUTHORITY FUND (Under different sub accounts)Institutions Foreign Portfolio Investor | 1.30% | 1.25% | 1.09% | 1.10% | 1.25% | 1.42% | 1.54% | 1.65% | 1.72% | 1.55% | 1.70% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| GOVERNMENT OF SINGAPORE (Under Different Sub Accounts)Institutions Foreign Portfolio Investor | – | – | – | – | – | 1.22% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| AMANSA HOLDINGS PRIVATE LIMITEDInstitutions Foreign Portfolio Investor | 1.25% | 1.18% | 1.14% | 1.11% | 1.00% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| ABU DHABI INVESTMENT AUTHORITY (Under various sub accounts)Institutions Foreign Portfolio Investor | – | 1.43% | 1.22% | 1.18% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| JP MORGAN SICAV INVESTMENT COMPANY MAURITIUS LIMITEDOther non-institutions | 1.22% | 1.22% | 1.18% | 1.11% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| JP MORGAN INDIAN INVESTMENT COMPANY (MAURITIUS) LIMITEDInstitutions Foreign Portfolio Investor | 1.06% | 1.06% | 1.10% | 1.10% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| JPMORGAN INDIA FUNDInstitutions Foreign Portfolio Investor | 1.04% | 1.04% | 1.02% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| ABU DHABI INVESTMENT AUTHORITY (Under different sub accounts)Other non-institutions | 1.43% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
A filing names every holder above one per cent, in the company's own words: an insurer's holding can carry one of its funds' names. Mutual funds are left out here: each fund's holding is on the Mutual funds tab, from its own portfolio. A dash is a filing that did not name the holder, which includes holding under one per cent.