How the figures are worked out

A period is named by the month it ends: Mar 2026 is the year or quarter that ended on 31 March 2026, and "quarter to Jun 2026" is April to June. Financial-year codes such as FY26 are not used, because companies' years do not all end in March.

Past prices are adjusted for every split and bonus issue, so a chart does not show a fall on the day a share split five for one. The same factor is applied to every per-share figure (earnings, dividends, book value), so ratios stay on one basis.

Where a price moves sharply with no split, bonus or other action on record to explain it, the figures that span that day are left blank rather than shown as a return.

A demerger is shown two ways: the return as the price moved, as other sites show it, and a second figure with earlier prices multiplied by the step on the ex-date, the opening price that day divided by the previous close.

Market cap is the latest close times the shares in issue. The share count is the one the company states in its latest quarterly shareholding pattern, carried through any split or bonus since.

Before 2016, where no shareholding pattern is on record, the count is the paid-up share capital in the results filing divided by the face value of a share, used only where it reproduces the earnings per share the same filing states.

P/E is market cap divided by the profit of the last four quarters. A company that reports half-yearly uses its last two half years.

It is not the price divided by the sum of the last four reported earnings per share. The share count changes between quarters, so the two can differ by a fifth or more. Market cap over profit is also how the exchange's own quote page and most research sites state it, so the figures can be compared.

A company with a loss over those four quarters has no P/E, rather than a negative one.

Price to book is market cap divided by net worth (assets less everything owed) on the latest balance sheet.

EV/EBITDA is market cap plus borrowings less cash and bank balances, divided by operating profit before depreciation over the last four quarters: revenue less operating expenses, without other income and one-off items. Lease liabilities are not counted: the results filings do not state them.

Dividend yield is the dividends per share that went ex in the last twelve months, divided by today's price.

Return on equity is the last four quarters' profit divided by the average of this year's and last year's net worth, or the latest net worth where only one is on record. Return on capital employed is operating profit after depreciation (revenue less operating expenses and depreciation, without other income and one-off items) divided by net worth plus borrowings. Where one-off items move the last four quarters' profit by more than a tenth, a second P/E and a second return on equity are shown beside the first, on that profit less its exceptional items and the result of businesses sold or closed. For a lender, a bank or a finance company, and for an insurer, borrowing is the business itself, so neither return on capital employed nor EV/EBITDA is worked out for one.

Debt to equity is borrowings divided by net worth, worked out from the balance sheet. The ratio a company types into its own filing is not used: many companies without listed debt file it as zero.

Results are shown consolidated (the company and everything it owns) where the company files consolidated accounts, with standalone (the company alone) a switch away. The two are never added together.

Every results filing also states the year to date. A filing whose figures are a whole power of ten away from the company's own year-to-date statement, with a third filing confirming which side is right, is used for nothing: that is a unit slip by the filer, and rescaling it would be a guess.

The same period filed on both exchanges must agree to the rupee; a disagreement is reported for checking rather than settled by picking one.

A share's return over a window is the change in its adjusted close, as a percentage of the close at the start. Dividends are not added. Over three years or more the return is also given as a yearly rate, compounded: (end ÷ start)^(1 ÷ years) − 1.

A fund's return is the change in its NAV over the window, for the plan the fund's page leads with: the direct plan where there is one. Returns over a year or more are yearly rates, compounded.

Companies are grouped by the exchange's four-level industry classification. The classification is today's, applied to every past period, because no exchange publishes how it has changed.

A sector's growth adds up the companies that filed both the period and the same period a year earlier, so a company that joined or left does not count as growth. A period is shown only when at least 60% of the sector's companies filed it.

A median is the middle company's figure, with half above and half below, and is shown with how many companies it was taken over.

An index's P/E, P/B and dividend yield are the ones the index publisher states with each day's close.

Where today's P/E sits against the index's past is the share of trading days in the window on which the P/E was at or below today's. A window is shown only when it holds at least 70% of its trading days.

A fund's direct and regular plans, and its growth and income options, share one portfolio and are one fund on the site; each plan's NAV, returns and costs are its own.

The expense ratio is the latest one the fund house filed for the plan. Size is the average of the fund's assets over the latest quarter, as the fund house reports it.

Holdings are the fund's own monthly portfolio. A fund house's first portfolio on record says nothing about which holdings are new, so changes are shown only between two portfolios.